CAT III has 3 sub-categories: CAT III A, CAT III B and CAT III C. There are 3 categories of precision approach: CAT I, CAT II and CAT III (spelled CAT1, CAT2 and CAT3). This video explains the practical and technical principles behind the signals used in ILS (instrument landing system), including localizer, glideslope, and m. In aviation, a localizer is the lateral component of the instrument landing system (ILS) for the runway centerline when combined with the vertical glide slope, not to be confused with a locator, although both are parts of aviation navigation systems. These categories have been defined in order to allow suitably qualified pilots flying suitably equipped aircraft to suitably equipped runways using appropriately qualified ILS systems. ILS approaches are defined by precision approach categories. At the DH, the approach may only be continued if the specified visual reference is available otherwise, a go-around must be flown. DH shall be published on instrument approach charts (IAC) of the concerned airfield. The pilot should follow the ILS guidance until the decision height (DH) is reached. It should not be expected that the glide path will provide guidance to the touchdown point on the runway.Īn approach may not normally be continued unless the runway visual range (RVR) is above the specified minimum. The glide path provided by the glide slope transmitter is arranged so that it flares from 5 to 8m (18 to 27ft) above the runway. The glide slope is normally usable to a distance of 10NM (it can be extended when requested). In aviation navigation, a localizer of Instrument Landing System (ILS) provides lateral guidance to keep aircrafts on a runway centerline during approaching. The glide path projection angle is normally adjusted to 3° above the horizontal plane so that it passes through the middle marker at about 60m/200ft and the outer marker at about 426m/1400ft. The localizer provides the lateral guidance for the pilot to align the aircraft with the runway properly. The aircraft computers looks at the signals and display on Horizon Indicator by flight director horizontal and vertical bars. It transmits a glide path with a beam width of 1.4°. This is the primary component of the ILS approach. Instrument Landing System (ILS) is a radio beam sent out at end of runway st a certain angle with horizontal and vertical information to aircraft called localizer for horizontal and glideslope for vertical. The glide scope transmitter is located between 230m/750ft and 380m/1250ft from the approach end of the runway and offset between 75m/250ft and 198m/650ft from the runway centre line. ![]() The glide slope frequency is usually paired with the localizer frequency as the pilot enters only the localizer frequency in the aircraft instruments. ![]() The glide path radiates its signal only in the direction of the localizer front course. The glide slope transmitter operates on one of 40 ILS channels within the ultra-high frequency (UHF) band from 329.15 MHz to 335 MHz.
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